Federal Funds Effective Rate 1954-2020This empirical data shows the Federal Funds rate over time. Higher federal funds rate make it more expensive for banks to borrow money. When rates are high, banks lend less money and charge higher interest rates. When loans are more expensive and difficult to obtain, businesses are less likely to borrow. This slows the economy. Rates reached a 10 year high at the end of March 2019, and had been on the decline since then meaning the economy was slipping and they were trying to speed it up.